Afrobeat developed in Nigeria during the late 1960s and early 1970s through the work of Fela Anikulapo Kuti and drummer Tony Allen. The genre combined West African highlife and Yoruba rhythmic traditions with jazz, funk, soul and extended ensemble arrangements.
Fela Kuti shaped Afrobeat's musical and political identity after studying music in London and performing across West Africa and the United States. His bands Africa 70 and later Egypt 80 built lengthy compositions around a central groove, layering percussion, interlocking guitars, brass, keyboards and repeated bass patterns.
Tony Allen was crucial to Afrobeat's rhythmic structure while serving as Fela Kuti's drummer and musical director. His playing combined several independent patterns across the kit at once, giving the music its distinctive movement and letting percussion, bass and guitar operate together without crowding one another.
Afrobeat also became a vehicle for political criticism, with Fela addressing military rule, corruption, colonial influence and social inequality in Nigeria. Performances often featured call-and-response vocals, pidgin English and extended instrumental passages, connecting dance music directly to social commentary.
Later generations carried the genre into new settings through artists including Femi Kuti, Seun Kuti, Antibalas and numerous bands outside West Africa. Afrobeat shouldn't be confused with Afrobeats, the broader term for modern West African popular music shaped by pop, hip hop, dancehall and electronic production.
At Scientific Sound Asia, afrobeat is a defining feature of Roots, with further appearances on Basement Soul and Funk Sessions.